SpringMVC 数据绑定
查看spring源码可以看出spring支持转换的数据类型:
org.springframework.beans.PropertyEditorRegistrySupport:
/** * Actually register the default editors for this registry instance. */ private void createDefaultEditors() { this.defaultEditors = new HashMap<Class, PropertyEditor>(64); // Simple editors, without parameterization capabilities. // The JDK does not contain a default editor for any of these target types. this.defaultEditors.put(Charset.class, new CharsetEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Class.class, new ClassEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Class[].class, new ClassArrayEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Currency.class, new CurrencyEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(File.class, new FileEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(InputStream.class, new InputStreamEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(InputSource.class, new InputSourceEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Locale.class, new LocaleEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Pattern.class, new PatternEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Properties.class, new PropertiesEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(Resource[].class, new ResourceArrayPropertyEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(TimeZone.class, new TimeZoneEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(URI.class, new URIEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(URL.class, new URLEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(UUID.class, new UUIDEditor()); // Default instances of collection editors. // Can be overridden by registering custom instances of those as custom editors. this.defaultEditors.put(Collection.class, new CustomCollectionEditor(Collection.class)); this.defaultEditors.put(Set.class, new CustomCollectionEditor(Set.class)); this.defaultEditors.put(SortedSet.class, new CustomCollectionEditor(SortedSet.class)); this.defaultEditors.put(List.class, new CustomCollectionEditor(List.class)); this.defaultEditors.put(SortedMap.class, new CustomMapEditor(SortedMap.class)); // Default editors for primitive arrays. this.defaultEditors.put(byte[].class, new ByteArrayPropertyEditor()); this.defaultEditors.put(char[].class, new CharArrayPropertyEditor()); // The JDK does not contain a default editor for char! this.defaultEditors.put(char.class, new CharacterEditor(false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Character.class, new CharacterEditor(true)); // Spring's CustomBooleanEditor accepts more flag values than the JDK's default editor. this.defaultEditors.put(boolean.class, new CustomBooleanEditor(false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Boolean.class, new CustomBooleanEditor(true)); // The JDK does not contain default editors for number wrapper types! // Override JDK primitive number editors with our own CustomNumberEditor. this.defaultEditors.put(byte.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Byte.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Byte.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Byte.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(short.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Short.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Short.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Short.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(int.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Integer.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Integer.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Integer.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(long.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Long.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Long.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Long.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(float.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Float.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Float.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Float.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(double.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Double.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Double.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Double.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(BigDecimal.class, new CustomNumberEditor(BigDecimal.class, true)); this.defaultEditors.put(BigInteger.class, new CustomNumberEditor(BigInteger.class, true)); // Only register config value editors if explicitly requested. if (this.configValueEditorsActive) { StringArrayPropertyEditor sae = new StringArrayPropertyEditor(); this.defaultEditors.put(String[].class, sae); this.defaultEditors.put(short[].class, sae); this.defaultEditors.put(int[].class, sae); this.defaultEditors.put(long[].class, sae); } }
下面挑选一些常用的数据类型,举例说明它们的绑定方式
1. 基本数据类型(以int为例,其他类似):
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(int num) { }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <input name="num" value="10" type="text"/> ...... </form>
表单中input的name值和Controller的参数变量名保持一致,就能完成基本数据类型的数据绑定,如果不一致可以使用@RequestParam标注实现。值得一提的是,如果Controller方法参数中定义的是基本数据类型,但是从jsp提交过来的数据为null或者""的话,会出现数据转换的异常。也就是说,必须保证表单传递过来的数据不能为null或"",所以,在开发过程中,对可能为空的数据,最好将参数数据类型定义成包装类型,具体参见下面的第二条。
2. 包装类型(以Integer为例,其他类似):
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(Integer num) { }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <input name="num" value="10" type="text"/> ...... </form>
和基本数据类型基本一样,不同之处在于,JSP表单传递过来的数据可以为null或"",以上面代码为例,如果jsp中num为""或者表单中无num这个input,那么,Controller方法参数中的num值则为null。
3. 自定义对象类型:
Model代码:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } }
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(User user) { }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <input name="firstName" value="张" type="text"/> <input name="lastName" value="三" type="text"/> ...... </form>
非常简单,只需将对象的属性名和input的name值一一对应即可。
4. 自定义复合对象类型:
Model代码:
public class ContactInfo { private String tel; private String address; public String getTel() { return tel; } public void setTel(String tel) { this.tel = tel; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } } public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; private ContactInfo contactInfo; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public ContactInfo getContactInfo() { return contactInfo; } public void setContactInfo(ContactInfo contactInfo) { this.contactInfo = contactInfo; } }
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(User user) { System.out.println(user.getFirstName()); System.out.println(user.getLastName()); System.out.println(user.getContactInfo().getTel()); System.out.println(user.getContactInfo().getAddress()); }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <input name="firstName" value="张" /><br> <input name="lastName" value="三" /><br> <input name="contactInfo.tel" value="13809908909" /><br> <input name="contactInfo.address" value="北京海淀" /><br> <input type="submit" value="Save" /> </form>
User对象中有ContactInfo属性,Controller中的代码和第3点说的一致,但是,在jsp代码中,需要使用“属性名(对象类型的属性).属性名”来命名input的name。
5. List绑定:
List需要绑定在对象上,而不能直接写在Controller方法的参数中。
Model代码:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } } public class UserListForm { private List<User> users; public List<User> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(List<User> users) { this.users = users; } }
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(UserListForm userForm) { for (User user : userForm.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user.getFirstName() + " - " + user.getLastName()); } }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tfoot> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Save" /></td> </tr> </tfoot> <tbody> <tr> <td><input name="users[0].firstName" value="aaa" /></td> <td><input name="users[0].lastName" value="bbb" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users[1].firstName" value="ccc" /></td> <td><input name="users[1].lastName" value="ddd" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users[2].firstName" value="eee" /></td> <td><input name="users[2].lastName" value="fff" /></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form>
其实,这和第4点User对象中的contantInfo数据的绑定有点类似,但是这里的UserListForm对象里面的属性被定义成List,而不是普通自定义对象。所以,在JSP中需要指定List的下标。值得一提的是,Spring会创建一个以最大下标值为size的List对象,所以,如果JSP表单中有动态添加行、删除行的情况,就需要特别注意,譬如一个表格,用户在使用过程中经过多次删除行、增加行的操作之后,下标值就会与实际大小不一致,这时候,List中的对象,只有在jsp表单中对应有下标的那些才会有值,否则会为null,看个例子:
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tfoot> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Save" /></td> </tr> </tfoot> <tbody> <tr> <td><input name="users[0].firstName" value="aaa" /></td> <td><input name="users[0].lastName" value="bbb" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users[1].firstName" value="ccc" /></td> <td><input name="users[1].lastName" value="ddd" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users[20].firstName" value="eee" /></td> <td><input name="users[20].lastName" value="fff" /></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form>
这个时候,Controller中的userForm.getUsers()获取到List的size为21,而且这21个User对象都不会为null,但是,第2到第19的User对象中的firstName和lastName都为null。打印结果:
aaa - bbb ccc - ddd null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null null - null eee - fff
6. Set绑定:
Set和List类似,也需要绑定在对象上,而不能直接写在Controller方法的参数中。但是,绑定Set数据时,必须先在Set对象中add相应的数量的模型对象。
Model代码:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } } public class UserSetForm { private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>(); public UserSetForm(){ users.add(new User()); users.add(new User()); users.add(new User()); } public Set<User> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(Set<User> users) { this.users = users; } }
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(UserSetForm userForm) { for (User user : userForm.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user.getFirstName() + " - " + user.getLastName()); } }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tfoot> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Save" /></td> </tr> </tfoot> <tbody> <tr> <td><input name="users[0].firstName" value="aaa" /></td> <td><input name="users[0].lastName" value="bbb" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users[1].firstName" value="ccc" /></td> <td><input name="users[1].lastName" value="ddd" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users[2].firstName" value="eee" /></td> <td><input name="users[2].lastName" value="fff" /></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form>
基本和List绑定类似。
需要特别提醒的是,如果最大下标值大于Set的size,则会抛出org.springframework.beans.InvalidPropertyException异常。所以,在使用时有些不便。暂时没找到解决方法,如果有网友知道,请回帖共享你的做法。
5. Map绑定:
Map最为灵活,它也需要绑定在对象上,而不能直接写在Controller方法的参数中。
Model代码:
public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } } public class UserMapForm { private Map<String, User> users; public Map<String, User> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(Map<String, User> users) { this.users = users; } }
Controller代码:
@RequestMapping("test.do") public void test(UserMapForm userForm) { for (Map.Entry<String, User> entry : userForm.getUsers().entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ": " + entry.getValue().getFirstName() + " - " + entry.getValue().getLastName()); } }
JSP表单代码:
<form action="test.do" method="post"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tfoot> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Save" /></td> </tr> </tfoot> <tbody> <tr> <td><input name="users['x'].firstName" value="aaa" /></td> <td><input name="users['x'].lastName" value="bbb" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users['y'].firstName" value="ccc" /></td> <td><input name="users['y'].lastName" value="ddd" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="users['z'].firstName" value="eee" /></td> <td><input name="users['z'].lastName" value="fff" /></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form>
打印结果:
x: aaa - bbb y: ccc - ddd z: eee - fff
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